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The Italian Poems of the Master Francesco Petrarcha
The Venetian printer and scholar Aldo Manuzio (1449 or 1450−1515) was the first printer to produce so-called libri portatiles (portable books), editions of texts without scholarly commentary in...
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Rule of the Five Orders of Architecture: Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian,...
The valuable collection of drawings at the National Library of Spain is noted for the high quality of its Italian drawings spanning the 16th century to 19th century. This architectural drawing, which...
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Grammar of the Castillan Language
Presented here is the first grammar of the Castilian language. This is also the first grammar of any vernacular language to be printed in Europe. The book was published in 1492, at a time when...
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Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, Enacted in Cádiz on March 19, 1812
On March 19, 1812, during the Spanish War of Independence (1808−14), the Cortes of Cádiz promulgated the Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, affectionately known as “La Pepa” for having been enacted...
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Drawing of an Architectural Detail of a Vault Attributed to Claudio Coello
Claudio Coello (1642–1693) was one of the last great painters of the baroque school of Madrid in the 17th century, a period coinciding with the reign of King Charles II of Spain. The son of a...
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The Akathist Hymn for Saint Barbara
Akafist Sviatieĭ velikomuchenitsie Varvarie (The Akathist hymn for Saint Barbara) honors the Holy Great Martyr Barbara of Heliopolis (died 305), whose relics were transferred from Constantinople to...
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Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg
Mémoires pour servir a l'histoire de la maison de Brandebourg (Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg) is a history of the Brandenburg Dynasty by Frederick II, King of Prussia, himself a member of that...
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Frederick the Great's "The Works of the Philosopher of Sans Souci." Volume I
The three-volume edition of selected works by Frederick II, King of Prussia, printed in 1749−50, was the first product of Frederick’s private printing press at the palace of Sanssouci. The king...
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Frederick the Great's "The Works of the Philosopher of Sans Souci." Volumes...
The three-volume edition of selected works by Frederick II, King of Prussia, printed in 1749−50, was the first product of Frederick’s private printing press at the palace of Sanssouci. The king...
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Map of the Atlantic Ocean, 1601
This portolan map of the Atlantic Ocean, made by Guillaume Levasseur in 1601, reflects the high level of accuracy achieved by French mapmakers of the Norman school of hydrographers, who by this time...
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Map of Louisiana, View of New Orleans
The French royal engineer, de Beauvilliers, drew this 1720 map of the entire hydrographic network of the Mississippi River, from the Illinois Country to New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico, and the...
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World Map, 1566
This portolan world map, drawn by Nicolas Desliens in 1566, synthesizes Norman hydrographic knowledge in the mid-16th century. It is one of two world maps by Desliens known to exist; the other dates...
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Map of Northern America and Part of Southern America from the Mouth of the...
Attributed to the Abbé Claude Bernou and dated 1681, this very beautiful mural map of North America and the Gulf of Mexico is from the Navy Hydrographic Office Collection in the National Library of...
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Map of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1674
From the 1500s to the 1700s, explorers, geographers, and the royal government of France continued the search for a passage that would allow easy communication between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans...
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World Map in two Hemispheres (Bonne Projection), 1566
This world map in two hemispheres using the Bonne projection is by the Norman hydrographer Guillaume Le Testu (1509−72). Bonne maps used a modified conical map projection from circa 1500; the...
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Map of the Atlantic Ocean, 1613
This 1613 map of the Atlantic Ocean and of parts of Europe, Africa, and North and South America was made in the French port city of Havre de Grace by Pierre de Vaulx, a cartographer and pilot in the...
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Map of the Island of Newfoundland, 1689
This nautical map of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence was drawn in 1689 by the Basque cartographer Pierre Detcheverry at Plaisance (present-day Placentia, Newfoundland, Canada), the French capital of...
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Map of the New Discovery Made by the Jesuit Fathers in 1672 and Continued by...
In May−July 1673 the French cartographer and explorer Louis Jolliet (1645−1700) and the Jesuit priest Father Jacques Marquette (1637−75) were the first Europeans to descend the Mississippi River from...
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Map of the Ocean Showing the Different Routes of the Navigators around the World
Carte de l'Océan où sont tracées les différentes routes des navigateurs au tour du monde (Map of the ocean showing the different routes of the navigators around the world) was made by the French...
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Map of New Discoveries North of the South Sea, in Eastern Siberia and...
Carte des nouvelles découvertes au nord de la mer du sud tant à l'est de la Sibérie et du Kamtchatka qu'à l'ouest de la Nouvelle France (Map of new discoveries north of the South Sea, in Eastern...
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