This map of Indochina, published under the auspices of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Colonies, was compiled by Pierre-Paul Cupet (1859-1907), Jean-Baptiste Friquegnon (1858-1934), and Joseph de Malglaive (1862-1914), all officers in the French Army and members of the Pavie Mission. Auguste Pavie (1847-1925) was a French naval officer, explorer, and colonial administrator who, between 1879 and 1895, led a series of expeditions in Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and southern China. These expeditions undertook cartographic surveys and ethnographic studies, producing a large body of maps, photographs, and written documentation. This map reflects the detailed information collected by the mission. The routes of the various expeditions are shown in red. As yet uncharted rivers and streams are shown by broken blue lines. At the bottom is a table of abbreviations and translations of geographic terms. The map, also published in the October 1894 Annales de géographie (Annals of geography), is a revised and reduced version of an earlier map of Indochina compiled by the Pavie Mission.