This topographic pen-and-ink and watercolor manuscript map of Hampton, Virginia, and its surroundings was created in 1781. The area shown on the map extends from the Chesapeake Bay westward to the mouth of the James River. The map shows the mouths of the Back (i.e., Black), James, and Elizabeth Rivers, as well as the towns of Hampton and Newport News. Other features include fortifications, houses in the area, roads, windmills, a Corps de garde (guardhouse) near Old Point Comfort, and vegetation. Scale is given in toises, an old French unit measuring about 1.95 meters. The map has a watermark in the shape of a fleur-de-lis, surmounting a scroll with three bars. North is oriented to the upper right, and relief is shown by hachures. Hampton was founded in 1610, and has claims to being the longest continuously occupied English settlement in the present-day United States. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.