Vocabvlario dela lengva general de todo el Perv llamada lengua Qquichua, o del Inca: corregido y renovado conforme ala propriedad corteʃana del Cuzco (Dictionary of the common language of the Incas of Peru called Quechua Language. Corrected and improved according to the standards of the court of Cuzco) was published in Juli, Peru, in 1608. The book is one of several grammars and dictionaries of the Quechua language published in Peru in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. It has been attributed to Diego González Holguín (1560−circa 1620), a Spanish Jesuit priest who came to Peru as a missionary in 1581. Holguín studied Quechua in the region of Cuzco for 25 years, and he published two major works on the language, the dictionary, presented here, and a comprehensive grammar. The first printing press in South America was established in Lima by Antonio Ricardo (circa 1540−1606), an Italian who had worked for a time as a printer with the Jesuits in Mexico City. This book is part of a collection of 39 first editions in the National Library of Peru, produced at the press between 1584 and 1619. The collection was inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register in 2013. In Latin, Spanish, and several Amerindian languages, these books are an important part of the record of the encounter between two worlds: the Amerindian civilization of the Incas and the European culture represented by the Spanish conquistadors. They are important sources for the study of the dissemination of ideas in the Spanish Empire, including the evangelization process and the diffusion of Catholicism on the one hand and the debate over the indigenous peoples and their condition as human beings on the other. Several of the books provide insights into the political, cultural, and social organization of the vanquished Inca civilization, as well as a record of the Quechua and Aymara languages spoken by the Incas.