This 1740s map shows the possessions of the Ottoman Empire in Asia (including present-day Turkey, Iraq, and the Levant), the Persian Empire (shown to include present-day Iran, Afghanistan, much of Pakistan, and the Caucasus), the country of the Uzbeks, Arabia, and Egypt. The boundaries of these territories are hand colored on this copy. The desert to the south and west of present-day Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates is described as “without water and without habitation.” The pearl-diving region of the southern Persian Gulf is indicated by shading and dots. In the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula are two noteworthy Biblical references: one to Moab, another to the Queen of Sheba. Also shown is the Red Sea town of Moka, a major exporter of coffee and the origin of the word “mocha.” The map is by Gilles Robert de Vaugondy (1688−1766), an important French cartographer who inherited the cartographic materials of the mapmaker Nicolas Sanson and his sons and who published atlases in 1748 and 1752.