This map shows the expeditions of Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) from the Hellespont, the strait (later called the Dardanelles) that separates Europe from Asia in present-day Turkey, through Turkey, the Levant, Egypt, Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), Persia (Iran), and Afghanistan. Alexander reached as far as the banks of the Hyphasis River (now known as the Beas River) in northern India, where the conqueror’s exhausted armies finally mutinied. Shown are cities that Alexander founded and named “Alexandria” in honor of himself. Two distance scales are given, the ancient measure of stadia, and contemporary leagues. The map is by the French cartographer and geographer Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d’Anville (1697−1782) and, as indicated in the title, was made to illustrate Histoire Ancienne (Ancient history) by Charles Rollin (1661–1741). D’Anville was one of the most important mapmakers of the 18th century, known for the accuracy and scientific quality of his maps. Rollin was a professor of rhetoric and university official who wrote his major works in retirement, including Histoire Ancienne, a 12-volume history that appeared between 1730 and 1738.