In preparation for the peace conference that was expected to follow World War I, in the spring of 1917 the British Foreign Office established a special section responsible for preparing background information for use by British delegates to the conference. Bohemia and Moravia is Number 2 in a series of more than 160 studies produced by the section, most of which were published after the conclusion of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. Once a powerful kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire, Bohemia came under the control of the Hapsburgs in the early 16th century and was, according to this study, “the most important province of Austria.” Moravia was originally a separate region, which was incorporated into Bohemia in the 11th century. The book includes sections on physical and political geography, political history, social and political conditions, and economic conditions. Much attention is devoted to “the racial struggle,” meaning the rivalry between Germans and Czechs for political and economic dominance. The study highlights the economic importance of Bohemia and Moravia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, particularly in industry, noting that the “total number of factories in Austria in 1913 was 17,034; of these, 6,512 were in Bohemia and 1,729 in Moravia.” After World War I, Bohemia and Moravia both became part of the new state of Czechoslovakia.