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Hartley and Knight's Bedding Warehouse. Number 148 South Second Street, Philadelphia

December 29, 2015, 6:25 am
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Hartley and Knight's Bedding Warehouse. Number 148 South Second Street, Philadelphia
This advertising print from 1846 shows the cluttered-looking three-story storefront of the bedding warehouse located on the 200 block of South Second Street in Philadelphia. A clerk, possibly one of the proprietors, stands at the main entrance to the store and points to one of many disheveled displays of mattresses. Behind him, a couple enters the wareroom. The couple walks under a framed figure of a goose hanging above the doorway. Shelves of mattresses line the walls and rolled mattresses fill the large open display windows. In the back of the store, two women work in a back room. In the upper floor windows of the building, mattresses and bedding are propped out of windows and piles of feathers are visible. In front of the store, a mattress on a bed frame, a bed frame, and bedding on a cot are on display; a clerk loads bedding onto a horse-drawn cart; and a gentleman walks past a fire hydrant on the sidewalk. Partial views of adjacent buildings also can be seen. A prominent sign on the building reads, “Hartley & Knight’s Bedding Warehouse.” Partners Joseph Hartley and Reeve L. Knight relocated to this address circa 1842 and remained in a partnership until 1854.
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J. Willis, Shoe Manufactory. Number 241 Arch Street, Philadelphia

December 29, 2015, 6:25 am
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J. Willis, Shoe Manufactory. Number 241 Arch Street, Philadelphia
This advertising print from 1846 shows the four-story manufactory and storefront for “J. Willis Wholesale & Retale [sic] Ladies Shoe Store,” located on the 600 block of Arch Street in Philadelphia. On the street beneath the store awning, a couple enters the store through the entryway, while a lady looks at a partially visible print hanging in the central display window, possibly depicting the Willis shoe store. Drapery is visible in some of the upper floor windows and a horse-drawn carriage is parked in front of the building. Partial views of the adjacent buildings also can be seen. A prominent graphic element of this image is the shading, representing light reflecting from windows. The business featured in this print operated from this address as “J. Willis” between 1840 and 1853, at which time it was renamed “J. Willis & Son.”
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Map of the Discoveries Made of the Northwest Coast of North America

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Map of the Discoveries Made of the Northwest Coast of North America
Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa (1717‒79) was born in Seville, Spain. He served as captain general of Cuba from 1766 to 1771 and as viceroy of New Spain from 1771 to 1779. He reorganized the Spanish military units in the viceroyalty and strengthened and rebuilt fortifications along the Pacific coast and on the Gulf of Mexico, with the objective of forestalling encroachments by other powers. Bucareli took a keen interest in the northern reaches of New Spain. He fought Indian insurrections, invested in fortifying presidios and Spanish and Indian settlements, and sent expeditions to explore and settle the whole coastal area of California and to monitor Russian incursions. Under Bucareli’s direction, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Cuadra (1743‒94) sailed from Mexico along the coast of California and explored and mapped the San Francisco Bay area in 1775. Proceeding further north, he took possession of the Alaska coast for Spain, including Prince of Wales Island, at a place that still bears the name of Viceroy Bucareli (Bucareli Bay, southeastern Alaska). After the death of Juan Pérez, Bodega y Cuadra’s pilot, other members of the crew became ill with scurvy, and the expedition was unable to map the new regions it had explored. Spain failed to publicize its findings in maps, and there was no international recognition of its claim. This pen-and-ink map shows the discoveries made by the Spanish on the coast of North America. It is a 1792 copy of an original map depicting the Pacific Coast from the Aleutian Islands to Acapulco and westward to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Islands). The map includes coastlines, settlements, presidios (fortifications), and missions.
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The Russian Discoveries from the Map Published by the Imperial Academy of Saint Petersburg

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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The Russian Discoveries from the Map Published by the Imperial Academy of Saint Petersburg
This map, showing the known geography of Alaska in the late 18th century, was based on an original Russian map by Gerhard Friedrich Müller published in 1754 by the Imperial Academy of Saint Petersburg. The map was printed in 1775 on Fleet Street in London by Robert Sayer, a noted English map and print seller. Because the North Pacific and Arctic constituted the last largely unknown parts of the world at this time, early maps of Alaska were popular in Western Europe and were frequently reprinted. The map was published before the third Pacific voyage of Captain Cook to Alaska in 1778, and thus is still based on bearings and other geographical information obtained from the twin voyages of Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov (shown by dotted lines) to Alaska in 1741, as well as on the findings of even earlier Russian expeditions. Sayer’s map shows the routes of the voyages by Semen Dezhnev in 1648 around the Chukotka Peninsula and East Cape (Cape Dezhnev, the northeastern-most point of Asia), by Bering through what became known as the Bering Strait in 1728, and by Mikhail Gvozdev and Ivan Fyodorov in 1732 through the Bering Strait to Cape Prince of Wales on the North American side of the strait. The map also perpetuates the myth of a large landmass north of the Aleutian Islands reported by Kamchatka natives and purportedly visible from Bering Island. Its depiction of the Aleutian Islands is more accurate than that of earlier maps. By 1775, Russian explorers and promyshlenniki (fur-traders) had traveled throughout much of the Aleutian Islands in search of sea otters and provided information beyond what was known in Bering’s time about several island groups in the Aleutian chain. The map also depicts the by 1775 well-known geography of the Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin Island, the Kurile Islands, and northern Japan and provides geographical information about California based on recent Spanish explorations. Noteworthy features include the entry point of the Strait of Juan de Fuca near present-day Seattle and the fictitious “River of the West” from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.
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Small Map of Discoveries by the Russians between Asia and North America

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Small Map of Discoveries by the Russians between Asia and North America
This French map of Alaska, Siberia, and the North Pacific, published in 1747, was based upon geographical information gleaned from earlier Russian voyages. It was created by the French cartographer, Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703‒72), and published by the French author, Abbé Prévost. Trained as a hydrographer, Bellin was attached to the French Marine Office and specialized in producing maritime maps showing coastlines. In 1764 he published Le Petit Atlas Maritime (Small maritime atlas), a work in five volumes containing 581 maps. This map outlines the routes taken on the voyages by Semen Dezhnev around the Chukotka Peninsula in 1648; Vitus Bering through what became known as the Bering Strait in 1728; Mikhail Gvozdev and Ivan Fyodorov through the Bering Strait to Cape Prince of Wales in Alaska in 1732; and Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov to southern Alaska in 1741. This map was not greatly improved upon until the voyage of Captain Cook to Alaska more than 30 years later, in 1778. Parts of the map later were proved to be erroneous, such as the large landmass reported by natives on Kamchatka and depicted north of the Aleutian Islands. A note below the title cartouche and scale refers to the putative voyage of the Spanish admiral Bartolomé de Fuente in search of a Northwest Passage. The map includes specific and accurate details on the Russian Asian coast south to Japan, as well as Sakhalin Island and the Kurile Islands. It also shows parts of California, which were known from Spanish explorations, as well as interior sections of North America near Hudson Bay. This last area was well known to French voyageurs who had thoroughly explored the north-central parts of North America by this time. The names and territories of the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Russian Far East are indicated with underlining, and include the Chukchis (marked as Tchuktschi), Yakuts (Iakuti), Tungus (Tungusi), and others.
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Fire Insurance Maps of Sitka, Alaska

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Fire Insurance Maps of Sitka, Alaska
Shown here is a fire insurance map for Sitka, Alaska, produced by the Sanborn Map Company in 1914. The Sanborn Map Company published such maps for thousands of municipalities across the United States, beginning just after the Civil War, in 1867. The map shows then-extant buildings in Sitka, Alaska, subdivided by town section and highlighting type of structure (frame, brick, stone, iron, or adobe) by color code provided in the key. The inset map in the upper left shows the Sheldon Jackson School for Indians (later Sheldon Jackson College), named for the Presbyterian minister and missionary Sheldon Jackson (1834–1909). The map also includes information on the location and updated manpower status of the municipal fire department, and the type and storage capacity of available water facilities for extinguishing fires. The map provides information on the different historical periods in the development of the town of Sitka, and notes that the Russian-era structures and Native American residences were better-constructed and more fire-resistant than the more recent buildings of white settlers from the United States who came after the Alaska Purchase in 1867. Each part of the map is oriented north. The Sanborn maps were noteworthy for details such as these that went beyond the layout of town streets and buildings, and for this reason have become a valuable resource for historical research on communities across the United States.
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Book of Running Charts of the Yukon and Stewart Rivers, 1913-1950

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Book of Running Charts of the Yukon and Stewart Rivers, 1913-1950
Presented here is a book of 117 hand-drawn maps of the Yukon and Stewart Rivers in Canada and Alaska. The maps were made between 1913 and 1950 by Ralph W. Newcomb, who worked for many years as a pilot guide on these rivers. Originally part of a loose-leaf notebook, the maps show hazards on the rivers, including swift currents, eddies, mud bars, and sharp bends. They also indicate landmarks along the banks, such as rock slides, glaciers, wooded areas, and such man-made features as abandoned cabins, wagon wheels, and tailings from mining activities. The Yukon River flows through the Yukon Territory of Canada and into Alaska for 3,185 kilometers before discharging into the Bering Sea. The Stewart River rises in the Mackenzie Mountains of central Yukon and runs westward for more than 530 kilometers before flowing into the Yukon River south of Dawson City, Yukon Territory. The maps are accompanied by a typed letter to George H. Wallace that describes the work of river pilots on the Yukon and Stewart rivers.
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Millroy's Map of Alaska and the Klondyke Gold Fields

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Millroy's Map of Alaska and the Klondyke Gold Fields
The Klondike Gold Rush of 1898 began in earnest within 18 months of a major gold strike on Bonanza Creek, a tributary of the Klondike River near Dawson City, Canada. A mapmaker from Salt Lake City, J.J. Millroy, created this guide to the Klondike gold fields in 1897 using government and private surveys. The map was intended for use by the many prospective miners who soon were to descend upon the Yukon from around the world. The map shows the major routes to the Klondike gold fields (in red), including the Chilkoot, Chilkat, Copper River, Yukon River, Taku River, and Stikine River Routes. The map also highlights major shipping routes and the exact mileage from San Francisco and Seattle to Juneau and to various other points in Alaska that provided the best access to the interior routes to the Klondike gold fields. The map also shows mountain ranges with elevations marked in feet, bodies of water, and significant towns and cities in Alaska and Canada. The left margin of the map contains practical information on climate, weather, and warnings on a range of regional diseases. It also enumerates the specific equipment needed for, and cost of, outfitting two men for a year in the Yukon, including the tents, blankets, clothes, and standard hardware required. Suggested additional items include many common 19th-century medicines, such as witch hazel and chlorate potash. Information is also provided on the tariffs, duties, and customs that U.S. and Canadian revenue collectors typically imposed on the prospectors at ports and border crossings.
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Going to Klondyke: An Amusing and Instructive Game

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Going to Klondyke: An Amusing and Instructive Game
The Klondike Gold Rush of 1898 was one of the largest gold frenzies in history. Tens of thousands of prospectors from around the world streamed north to Alaska and the Yukon in a feverish search for fortune. This game, “Going to Klondyke,” was created in 1897 on the basis of news reports about the large initial gold strikes in the Yukon and in anticipation of the coming rush. The game was highlighted in the New York Journal on December 12, 1897. It was produced by the Klondyke Game Company of San Francisco, possibly for sale to the many prospectors who would pass through the port of San Francisco on their way to Alaska and the Yukon. The game tapped into the many myths surrounding the gold rush as well as the political realities in the Far North. The area of the game map covered parts of three countries: the Yukon in Canada (listed here as British Northwest Territories, as the Yukon Territory was established only in 1898, largely as a consequence of the Klondike Gold Rush), the U.S. territory of  Alaska, and Russian Siberia. The rules of the game were simple and are highlighted in a box below the map. Players were to be blindfolded, turned around a few times, and then directed to place a pin on the map. If they struck a gold nugget or landed within a “claim” circle in the United States (Alaska), they could win the full amount listed on the nugget or within the circle. If they did this in Canada, a 20 percent portion had to be taken out of the player’s winnings, presumably to cover higher Canadian taxes. If their pin landed in Siberia, players lost everything to the government, as the Russian state presumably took all the proceeds of mineral discoveries there. The bulls-eye of the map was Dawson City, near the major gold strike along the Klondike River in the Yukon, from which all the circles on the map emanated. The game map also highlights cities, rivers, mountain ranges, bodies of water, and contains scattered images of prospectors, Eskimos, caribou, bears, seals, penguins (mistakenly), and forests.
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Salt Lake City Panorama Showing the Salt Lake Temple and Wasatch Mountain Range

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Salt Lake City Panorama Showing the Salt Lake Temple and Wasatch Mountain Range
This panoramic bird’s-eye photograph from 1910 shows the Salt Lake Temple and a portion of Temple Square in the foreground, surrounded by a wall, and other parts of Salt Lake City and the Wasatch Range of the Rocky Mountains in the background. The Salt Lake Temple was built on a site identified by Brigham Young (1801‒77), an early Mormon leader, who led the group’s migration westward to land in present-day Utah that he called Deseret. In 1851 Young became the first governor of the territory of Utah. The temple was consecrated in 1893, after 40 years of construction. The famous Salt Lake Tabernacle, completed in 1867, is the oblong-domed structure that can be seen just beyond the temple. The Gothic-style Assembly Hall, built by 1882, can be seen to the upper left. The Brigham Young Monument, built for the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893 and thereafter relocated to Salt Lake City, can be seen in the lower-left foreground of the photograph. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as the Mormons) was established in 1830 in New York by Joseph Smith, Junior (1805‒44), based on a revelation that Smith claimed to have received from God and Christ. With his followers, Smith fled angry opponents, first to Ohio, then to Missouri, and finally to Illinois, where in 1844 mobs killed Smith and his brother. To escape this persecution, the Mormons decided to move again, this time to the Far West. When the Mormons arrived in Salt Lake Valley in 1847, they became the first permanent white settlers in the Great Basin. Relations with other colonists and the federal government remained volatile for decades, but the Mormons quickly built model colonies based on productive farms and self-reliant communities. These colonies attracted a continual flow of migrants, and Salt Lake City became the Mormon capital and an important freighting and transportation hub of the West.
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Chart Showing the Locality Where Seals Were Taken Adjacent to the Commander Islands in 1892 by Eight Canadian Sealing Vessels

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Chart Showing the Locality Where Seals Were Taken Adjacent to the Commander Islands in 1892 by Eight Canadian Sealing Vessels
This map shows sites around the Commander Islands, within Russian maritime borders, where seals were taken by Canadian ships in 1892. A major diplomatic controversy over sealing in the Bering Sea arose in the late 19th century, particularly over the actions of Canadian sealers who conducted pelagic hunting (far out to sea) for seals that harmed female seals, and thus threatened the overall population numbers. The United States contended that with the Alaska Purchase in 1867 it had acquired from Russia exclusive fishing rights in the Bering Sea, which it sought to assert in order to protect its land-based sealing interests on the Pribilof Islands. Canada, whose international affairs were at that time still conducted by Great Britain, contended that it had a right to pelagic sealing in the Bering Sea derived from earlier conventions with Russia. A tribunal of arbitration was convened in Paris to settle the dispute; in 1893 it ruled in favor of Great Britain. This map is based upon information used by the British team to argue its case in the arbitration proceedings. It shows the routes of the Canadian sealing ships. The table in the upper right indicates that 219 seals were taken within a 30-mile limit of the Commander Islands; 3,817 were taken outside this zone, for a total of 4,036 seals.
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United States. Northern Part

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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United States. Northern Part
This manuscript map, in pen-and-ink and watercolor, dating from 1708 mainly shows the English colonies of Pennsylvania and New York as their geography was understood at that time. It encompasses the region stretching from Lake Michigan (Lake Illinois on this map) to the west, Ontario and Quebec to the north, western New England to the east, and Virginia and the southern Appalachian Mountains to the south. The map identifies the territories inhabited by many different Indian tribes and provides historical information about tribal conflicts and population transfers. It also shows lakes and rivers, sometimes offering both English and French names, as well as hills, mountains, waterfalls, offshore islands, and other geographical points of interest. Prominent bodies of water shown include Chesapeake Bay; the Potomac, Susquehanna, Delaware, Hudson, and Saint Lawrence rivers; and Lakes Superior, Michigan (Illinois), Huron, Erie, and Ontario (Frontenac). The map indicates many towns and cities in what later became the northeastern United States, including Philadelphia, New York, Albany, and numerous smaller nearby communities. Relief is shown both pictorially and by hachures. The map has watermarks and several holes and tears, especially along the folds and creases. The anachronistic title is from a manuscript label on the verso as it was originally mounted. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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Partial Map of Boston Harbor to Show its Defenses

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Partial Map of Boston Harbor to Show its Defenses
Plan d’une partie de la rade de Boston (Partial map of Boston Harbor) is a manuscript map, in pen-and-ink and watercolor, dating from 1778, the third year of the American Revolution. It depicts Boston Harbor from Castle William Island to Point Alderton. The map shows the position of the French fleet under Admiral Comte d’Estaing in Boston Harbor, where the French ships had gone for repairs after an inconclusive engagement off the coast of Rhode Island with the British fleet under Admiral John Byron. It also highlights French batteries built on several outer harbor islands to protect the fleet, as well as a temporary hospital. A legend with a letter key identifies geographical points of interest and fortifications, as well as individual ships and their commanders. Originally accompanying the map was an extract from a memoir by one of Admiral d’Estaing’s officers. Relief is shown by hachures. The map has a watermark. Scale is indicated in toises, an old French unit measuring about 1.95 meters. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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City, Port and Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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City, Port and Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland
Ville, port, et rade de Baltimore (City, port and harbor of Baltimore) is a manuscript map, in pen-and-ink and watercolor, that depicts the harbor and environs of Baltimore, Maryland, towards the end of the Revolutionary War. The map was created by Louis-Alexandre Berthier (1753–1815), a young French officer who accompanied the army of the Comte de Rochambeau to North America in 1780 and served on his general staff. Berthier later became a marshal in the French army and chief of staff to Napoleon. The map shows fortifications, troop encampments of Rochambeau’s army around Baltimore, batteries at the harbor entrance, and a ferry crossing the Patapsco River. It also shows Baltimore’s street layout at the time, as well as wharves, houses, and area farms. The map highlights channels, soundings, and shoals in surrounding waters, and shows roads to “Frederick Town,” “White Marsh,” and “Spurrier’s Tavern” (at the intersection of routes linking Baltimore, Washington, and Annapolis). Relief is shown by shading. The title is from a manuscript label, which was on the verso as originally mounted. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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Eastern Part of Canada, Translated from English from the Map by Jefferys Published in London in May 1755

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Eastern Part of Canada, Translated from English from the Map by Jefferys Published in London in May 1755
Partie orientale du Canada (Eastern part of Canada) is a hand-colored manuscript map by cartographer, author, and illustrator George-Louis Le Rouge (born 1712), royal geographer to King Louis XV. It was based upon an English map made by Thomas Jefferys (circa 1719–71), who was geographer to King George III and engraved and published many maps and atlases in the mid-18th century, particularly of North America. It covers the northeastern region from Montreal to Île du Petit Mecatina and southwest to Boston Harbor. The map prominently displays the eastern part of Canada, including the Gaspé Peninsula, Saint Lawrence River, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Nova Scotia, Bay of Fundy, and Gulf of Maine. It shows towns, forts, roads, harbors, rivers and lakes, Indian tribal territory, coastal islands, relief, and soundings in Northumberland Strait. It also outlines a planned road from Quebec to Fort Western, Maine. Several broken, colored lines highlight boundaries established by various treaties. The map includes two “Explications” at the top of the colored lines and hatching, and a table on the upper left comparing latitudes and longitudes from several earlier maps. Relief is shown pictorially. Scale is given in maritime leagues and in miles. Neptune is seen riding his chariot in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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American Campaign, 1782

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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American Campaign, 1782
Amérique, Campagne 1782 (American campaign, 1782) is a compendium of manuscript maps, in pen-and-ink and watercolor, created in 1782, at the end of the Revolutionary War. The maps show the location of the camps of the army of the Comte de Rochambeau, during its march north from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Boston between July and December, 1782. The soldiers marched in four divisions, each a day’s march apart. Camps thus shown were occupied sequentially for four or more nights. Yellow rectangles on the map signify French troops; green rectangles signify American troops, red rectangles artillery. Most of the maps in this volume are oriented with north to the top. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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Map of Louisiana and the Course of the Mississippi River, Based on a Large Number of Records, Including Those of Monsieur le Maire, by Guillaume de l'Isle, of the Royal Academy of Sciences

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Map of Louisiana and the Course of the Mississippi River, Based on a Large Number of Records, Including Those of Monsieur le Maire, by Guillaume de l'Isle, of the Royal Academy of Sciences
Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi (Map of Louisiana and the course of the Mississippi River) was created in the early 18th century by the noted French cartographer Guillaume de L’Isle (1675–1726), famous for his relatively accurate maps of Europe, Africa, and North and South America. The map mostly shows the Louisiana Territory, centered on the course and watershed of the Mississippi River. It covers from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south and the Rocky Mountains to the west and the Appalachian Mountains to the east. The map gives the names of numerous Indian tribes and confederations throughout this entire area, as well as indicates European forts, missions, mines, and occasional towns, including the Spanish city of Saint Augustine in Florida and Natchitoches, a French settlement on the Red River that was an important outpost for trade with Spanish Mexico. The map also shows the paths of a number of European explorers, including the Spanish conquistador Hernando De Soto from 1539-42, and it identifies several portages of the French voyageurs, who by this time had already traded and trapped throughout this region for more than a century. Relief is shown pictorially. The map has watermarks as well as several holes and tears, especially along the folds and creases. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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General Map of the Atlantic or Western Ocean, Drawn at the General Office of Naval Maps, Charts, and Journals and Published by Order of the Minister for the Service of French Vessels in 1786

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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General Map of the Atlantic or Western Ocean, Drawn at the General Office of Naval Maps, Charts, and Journals and Published by Order of the Minister for the Service of French Vessels in 1786
Carte Générale de l’Océan Atlantique ou Occidental (General map of the Atlantic or Western Ocean) is a Mercator projection map created in 1792 by the French marine cartographic office under government order. It was made to serve the needs of French vessels. The map is a nautical chart that shows exact latitude and longitude in the Western Ocean (North Atlantic) down to the Equator, with the prime meridian running through Paris and all other longitudinal readings calibrated accordingly. Water depth is shown by soundings. This map may have been used by a particular ship on a voyage from France to the Caribbean, as a red line indicates a course from Brest to Fort-Dauphin (present-day Fort-Liberté, Haiti) over the space of five weeks. Numerous cities, towns, islands, and geographical features are indicated on both sides of the Atlantic, from eastern North America to the Caribbean and northeastern South America, and from Western Europe to West Africa. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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Coastline from Yorktown to Boston. Advances by the Army

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Coastline from Yorktown to Boston. Advances by the Army
Côte de York-town à Boston (Coastline from Yorktown to Boston) is a manuscript map, in pen-and-ink and watercolor, created in 1782, during the American Revolutionary War. The map is oriented with north toward the upper right. It shows the route marched by the army of the Comte de Rochambeau from Providence, Rhode Island, to Yorktown, Virginia, as well as the return route and troop encampments on the way to Boston. The initial march south, from June 10 to September 30, 1781, is shown by the yellow line from Providence to Head of Elk and Annapolis, Maryland, and then along Chesapeake Bay down to Williamsburg and Yorktown (camps 1‒40). The route of the supply train is represented by the green line from “Scott’s House” southward to Williamsburg. The flanking march of Lauzun’s Legion is shown by the red line from Lebanon, Connecticut, to Philipsburg, New York. Camps on the return march follow the green line from Williamsburg to “Spurrier’s Tavern” and continue along the yellow line to Providence and on to Boston. Camps along the red line from Princeton, New Jersey, to King’s Ferry, New York, represent the flanking march of Lauzun’s Legion on the return march. The title is from a manuscript label on the verso of the map as it was originally mounted. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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Various Encampments of the Army from Yorktown to Boston

January 27, 2016, 11:51 am
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Various Encampments of the Army from Yorktown to Boston
Differents camps de l’armée de York-town à Boston (Various encampments of the army from Yorktown to Boston) is a manuscript map, in pen-and-ink and watercolor. It was created in 1787 by French cartographer François Soulés (1748–1809), based on an earlier version from 1782. The map is oriented with north toward the upper right. It shows the route marched during the American Revolutionary War by the army of the Comte de Rochambeau from Providence, Rhode Island, to Yorktown, Virginia, as well as the return route and troop encampments. The initial march south, from June 10 to September 30, 1781, is shown by the white line, with two solid black borders. The route proceeds from Providence to Head of Elk and Annapolis, Maryland, and then along the Chesapeake Bay to Williamsburg and Yorktown (camps 1‒40). The route of the supply train is represented by the yellow line from “Scott's House” southward to Williamsburg. The flanking march of Lauzun’s Legion is shown by the red line from Lebanon, Connecticut to Philipsburg, New York. Camps on the return march follow the yellow line from Williamsburg to “Spurrier’s Tavern” and continue along the white line to Boston. Camps along the dashed line (red rectangles) from Princeton, New Jersey, to King’s Ferry represent the flanking march of Lauzun’s Legion on the return march. The map is hand-colored. The title is from the manuscript label that was on the verso of the map as it was originally mounted. The map is from the Rochambeau Collection at the Library of Congress, which consists of 40 manuscript maps, 26 printed maps, and a manuscript atlas that belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725‒1807), commander in chief of the French expeditionary army (1780‒82) during the American Revolution. Some of the maps were used by Rochambeau during the war. Dating from 1717 to 1795, the maps cover much of eastern North America, from Newfoundland and Labrador in the north to Haiti in the south. The collection includes maps of cities, maps showing Revolutionary War battles and military campaigns, and early state maps from the 1790s.
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