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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 4

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 4
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the fourth volume of the original London edition, which includes narratives of travel by Europeans to France. The first account is “A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698” by Dr. Martin Lister, an English naturalist and physician. It is followed by Travels During the Years 1787, 1788 and 1789, Undertaken More Particularly with a View of Ascertaining the Cultivation, Wealth, Resources and National Prosperity of the Kingdom of France by agricultural reformer Arthur Young, which takes up most of the volume. The last two narratives concern mountains: Horace-Bénédict de Saussure’s “An Account of the Attempts that Have Been Made to Attain the Summit of Mont Blanc,” written in 1786; and Louis-François Ramond’s “Journey to the Summit of Mont Perdu,” dating from 1797.

A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 17

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 17
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the 17th volume of the original London edition, which differs in form and purpose from the other volumes. It opens with an essay by Pinkerton entitled a “Retrospect of the Origin and Progress of Discovery by Sea and Land, in Ancient, Modern, and the Most Recent Times.” This is followed by a “Catalogue of Books of Voyages and Travels,” an annotated travel bibliography of works in many languages. The major part of the book is devoted to an index to the full 17-volume set.

A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 16

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 16
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the 16th volume of the original London edition, which includes narratives of travel by Europeans to Africa that date from the early 1600s to the early 1800s. Descriptions written at the start of that period are those by Andrew Battel (flourished 1589‒1614), an Englishman held captive for years by the Portuguese in Angola, and João dos Santos, a Dominican friar whose “History of Eastern Ethiopia” mostly concerns Portuguese colonization in eastern Africa. Later travel histories in the volume include “An Account of the Cape of Good Hope” by Carl Peter Thunberg (1743‒1828), a Swedish naturalist, and the narrative of Mungo Park (1771‒1806), a Scottish explorer who wrote about his journey through present-day Senegal and Mali and along the course of the Niger River.

A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 15

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 15
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the 15th volume of the original London edition, which includes narratives of travel by Europeans to Africa. Included are accounts of travels in Abyssinia (Ethiopia) by Portuguese Jesuit Father Jerónimo Lobo in 1624‒34 and French physician Charles Jacques Poncet in 1698‒1700; of William George Browne’s voyage to Darfur in 1793‒96; and of travels to the Barbary states (the Maghreb) by Lancelot Addison, John Windus, Thomas Shaw, and William Lemprière in the 17th century and 18th centuries. The one non-European narrative is by Muwaffaq al-Din ‘Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162‒1231), a physician, scholar, and traveler from Baghdad, describing ancient monuments in Egypt.

A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 14

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 14
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the 14th volume of the original London edition, which includes narratives of travel by Europeans to South America that first appeared between 1649 and 1748. The earliest is the “Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Chile,” by Alonso de Ovalle, a Chilean Jesuit. Other works in the volume include accounts by Charles-Marie de la Condamine of the first scientific exploration of the Amazon; by Don Antonio de Ulloa of his travels in 1735‒46 in the lands of present-day Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Chile; and by the Dutch explorer Johannes Nieuhof of the nine years he spent in Brazil between 1640 and 1649.

A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 13

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 13
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the 13th volume of the original London edition, which includes narratives of travel by Europeans to North America from the late-16th century to the 1770s. Some of the earliest accounts presented were gathered by Captain John Smith (1580‒1631), an important figure in the survival of the first permanent English settlement in the New World. Also included are the letters and memoirs of Baron de Lahontan (1666‒1716), which deal with the Anglo-French competition for dominance in Canada and New England; the narrative of Pehr Kalm (1716‒79), a Swedish-Finnish natural historian and friend and student of Linnaeus, who wrote about discoveries of trees and other plants that might prove economically profitable in Europe; and an account by Nicolas-Joseph Thiéry de Menonville (1739‒80), botanist to King Louis XVI of France, of his expedition in 1777 via present-day Haiti and Cuba to Oaxaca, Mexico, for the purpose of stealing the secret of cochineal, the valuable red dye produced by a tiny insect that feeds on Opuntia (the prickly-pear cactus or nopal).

A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 12

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 12
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the 12th volume of the original London edition, which includes narratives of travel by Europeans to North America. The book opens with a description of the life and New World discoveries of Christopher Columbus, written by his son Fernando. This is followed by several accounts of English voyages of discovery of and settlement in North America, from the late 15th century onward, including voyages by Sir Walter Raleigh. The concluding narrative is that of Jacques Cartier (1491‒1557), whose explorations of the Saint Lawrence River and the surrounding area later formed the basis for French claims on the continent and the name of Canada (from Kanata, a Huron-Iroquois word for a settlement or village).

A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 11

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 11
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the 11th volume of the original London edition, which includes narratives of travel by Europeans to the Asiatic islands, Oceania, and Australasia. Among the most significant accounts are abstracts of the voyages of Captain James Cook in 1768‒79; writings by William Dampier (1652‒1715), a pioneer of scientific exploration who traveled to the Philippines and to New Holland (Australia); and the narrative of Antonio Pigafetta (circa 1480 or 1490/91‒circa 1534), who accompanied Ferdinand Magellan on his voyage around the world that began in 1519. Pigafetta’s account describes present-day Sri Lanka, Singapore, the Moluccas, and the Philippines.

A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 10

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A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, Volume 10
A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World is a 17-volume compilation of travel narratives assembled by the Scottish historian and poet John Pinkerton (1758‒1826), first published in Great Britain in 1808‒14. A contemporary and acquaintance of the historian Edward Gibbon and the novelist Sir Walter Scott, Pinkerton wrote books on Scottish history and poetry, numismatics, and other topics, as well as his own plays and poems. Many of the narratives were newly translated into English from French, German, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Spanish, and other European languages. Each volume is illustrated with plates. A six-volume American edition of Pinkerton’s collection of voyages was published in Philadelphia in 1810‒12. Shown here is the tenth volume of the original London edition, which includes narratives of travel by Europeans to Arabia. The most notable authors were: Carsten Niebuhr (1733‒1833), a Danish cartographer who was the sole survivor of the Danish-Arabian Expedition of 1761‒67; Sir Henry Blount (1602‒82), who traveled extensively in Egypt and Turkey; Girolamo Dandini (1554‒1634), an Italian Jesuit who in 1596 undertook a mission to the Maronites of Lebanon and continued on to Jerusalem and Cyprus; Henry Maundrell (1655‒1701), who undertook a journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem in 1697; and Richard Pococke (1704‒65), who wrote a two-volume A Description of the East that was published in 1743‒45.

Babylonian Talmud

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Babylonian Talmud
Of the nearly 500 Hebrew manuscripts held by the Bavarian State Library, the one presented here is without doubt the most valuable. It is the only surviving manuscript in the world that contains, with the exception of two missing leaves, the complete text of the Babylonian Talmud including some extra-canonical tracts: Derekh Eretz zuta, Pirkei Azzai, Kallā, Sôferîm, and Gērîm. In addition, the manuscript contains some texts that do not relate directly to the Talmud. Numerous entries of the names of owners make it possible to trace the history of the manuscript, which was written in France in 1342. According to an entry in a manuscript of a Bible now preserved at the State and University Library of Hamburg, this Talmud was in the possession of the Jewish merchant family Ulma in Pfersee near Augsburg in the year 1772. Some time later it was sold to the Augustinian priory of Polling (Upper Bavaria). After the dissolution of the monastery in 1803, the manuscript was transferred together with other valuable books to the Munich Court Library, which became the Bavarian State Library, where it is now preserved. The Talmud (meaning instruction or learning) is a central text of Judaism and records rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, ethics, customs, history, and philosophy. The Babylonian Talmud is a compilation of rabbinic opinion written in the third to the fifth centuries in Babylon (present-day Iraq) and in what is today Israel.
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